英语中名词的复数
2003-03-10 19:16:55
来源:星星生活

名词的数常常是英语中容易出错的地方,下面列举一些常见的不规则名词:alumna-alumnae, index-indices, man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice,basis-bases, analysis-analyses, crisis-crises, axis-axes,hypothesis-hypotheses, alga-algae, ovum-ova, fungus-fungi, stimulus-stimuli, datum-data, medium-media, bacterium-bacteria, spectrum-spectra, child-children, phenomenon-phenomena, criterion-criteria, radius-radii, focus-foci, ellipsis-crises, terminus-termini。

常见的单复数同形的名词如下:sheep, Chinese, deer, steelworks, aircraft, spacecraft 等craft结尾的词species, series, means (mean不加s不是名词), trout, carp, salmon, fis, 注意:鱼类一般单复同形。

常见的不可数名词包括furniture, luggage, clothing, equipment, poetry, jewelry, machinery, weaponry, scenery, information, knowledge, homework, evidence, foliage, advertising, health。

除此以外,还应注意以下的原则:液体不可数;自然现象一般不可数如: rain, sunlight, 但可以说 a heavy rain;颗粒状物质不可数;学科不可数如:mathematics, economics, statistics, physics, politics, mechanics, genetics, geology, geography, chemistry, philosophy, biology, history。疾病不可数,如:measles, mumps(腮腺炎),diabetes(糖尿病)。看不见摸不着的东西不可数如:intelligence, advice等。

单、复数意义有差异的名词sky-skies气候,water-waters水系,good-goods货物,custom-customs风俗,spectacle风景-spectacles眼镜,arm手臂-arms武器,force力量-forces军队。既可数又不可数的名词包括paper纸/文件,rock碎岩/块岩,collection各种收藏品/同一种收藏品,sugar砂糖/方糖,area面积/地区,land土地/区域,work作品/工厂,room空间/房间,time时间/倍数;时代。注:art, newspaper, food, beverage泛指时作不可数名词, 但在表示种类时作可数名词。如:an art一种艺术;eighteen newspapers18种报纸;all kinds of foods各种各样的食物;two beverages两种饮料。 (北京新东方机考研究中心供稿416-591-8992)

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