What的用法考法大解析
2003-01-28 01:46:50
来源:星星生活

What作为缩合连接代词

例句1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ____ best in its climate and soil. (A)it grows (B)what grows (C)does it grow (D)what does it grow 答案B
例句2:During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became ____is now Indiana and Ohio. (A)there (B)where (C)that (D)what 答案 D

1.What之所以被称为缩合连接代词,因为它是先行词与关系代词的复合体,即what=all that=the things that。在上述等价关系中,all或things均为不定代词,其指代的名词由句意决定,如:在例1中what=the crop that,在例2中what=the place that。

2.由于what由两个词构成,所以what在前后句即主从句中必须同时都作成分,即必须作两个成分。如: 在例1中,what既是介词on的宾语,同时又是动词grows的主语。

3.what引导的句子相当于一个名词,可以自由地作主语,宾语和表语。换句话说,what可以引导主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句。

4.在考试中,n+what通常错,因为what前不需要先行词。再者,n+what=n+the things+that显然,n和things间无法连接。

5.在考试中,prep+what+SVO通常错,而且应该改为:prep+which+SVO。因为what可以作介词的宾语,但是在完整的从句SVO中无法作成分。

6.what is now作为一个可有可无的短语,在考试中通常是正确答案。
例如,在例2中去掉” what is now”也不会影响句子结构。

What作为关系形容词

What作关系形容词时,其结构为”What+名词”,其含义为”所有的…”,”尽可能多的….” 如:I will give you what help I can. 我会给你尽可能多的帮助。实际上,此时What=all…that…;所以,在考试中,有以下两个特殊结构出现:What little=the little … that;what few=the few … that

What作为关系副词,引导感叹句。主要有以下三种句式
1.What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+(主谓部分)!其中主谓部分可以省略。如: What a lovely girl she is!

2.What+形容词+不可数名词或复数可数名词+(主谓部分)!如:What good books you are reading!

3.What+a/an+单数可数名词 !此结构中,名词分为两类,一类是没有感情色彩的普通名词,一类是具有感情色彩的名词。如:What a night! 可以是褒义,也可是贬义。What a mess! 只能是贬义,直接译为”多么乱啊!”

必须掌握的What的其他重要知识点

1. What 既可以指人,也可以指物,如: Most of what archeologists know about prehistoric cultures is based on studies of material remains. 在上句中, What = the knowledge that 再如:In her time, Isadora Duncan was what we would call a liberated woman. 在此句中, What=the person that。

2. What 还可作形容词,意为”什么”,如:Children instinctively know what foods are good for them.

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